Thursday, 13 August 2015 08:50
Parent Category: Unconstrained
Category: n-Dimensions
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Xin-She Yang's Function No.08

I. Mathematical Expression:

$$f(X)=\left|1-e^{\displaystyle -\sum^n_{i=1}U_ix_i^2}\right|+\sum^n_{i=1}U_i\sin^2\left(2n\pi x_i\right)$$

where:

$\bullet$ $U_i \ (i=1,2,\cdots,n)$ is a uniform distribution $\rightarrow$ $U_i \sim \text{Unif}[0,1]$

$\bullet$ $-10\pi\leq x_i \leq 10\pi$ , $i=1,2,\cdots,n$

$\bullet$ $f_{min}(X^*)=0$

$\bullet$ $x^*_i=0$

$\bullet$ This function is firstly given in [1]. Based on the previously mentioned benchmark functions and the historical timeline of their appearance, the suitable name for this function is Xin-She Yang's Function No.08 [2].

II. Citation Policy:

If you publish material based on databases obtained from this repository, then, in your acknowledgments, please note the assistance you received by using this repository. This will help others to obtain the same data sets and replicate your experiments. We suggest the following pseudo-APA reference format for referring to this repository:

Ali R. Al-Roomi (2015). Unconstrained Single-Objective Benchmark Functions Repository [https://www.al-roomi.org/benchmarks/unconstrained]. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Dalhousie University, Electrical and Computer Engineering.

Here is a BiBTeX citation as well:

@MISC{Al-Roomi2015,
author = {Ali R. Al-Roomi},
title = {{Unconstrained Single-Objective Benchmark Functions Repository}},
year = {2015},
address = {Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada},
institution = {Dalhousie University, Electrical and Computer Engineering},
url = {https://www.al-roomi.org/benchmarks/unconstrained}
}

III. 2&3D-Plots:

IV. Controllable 3D Model:

- In case you want to adjust the rendering mode, camera position, background color or/and 3D measurement tool, please check the following link

- In case you face any problem to run this model on your internet browser (it does not work on mobile phones), please check the following link

V. MATLAB M-File:

% Xin-She Yang's Function # 8
% Range of initial points: -10*pi <= xj <= 10*pi , j=1,2,...,n
% Global minima: xj=0
% f(X)=0
% Coded by: Ali R. Alroomi | Last Update: 13 August 2015 | www.al-roomi.org
    
clear
clc
warning off
 
x1min=-10*pi;
x1max=10*pi;
x2min=-10*pi;
x2max=10*pi;
R=1000; % steps resolution
x1=x1min:(x1max-x1min)/R:x1max;
x2=x2min:(x2max-x2min)/R:x2max; 
    
for j=1:length(x1)
    
    % For 1-dimensional plotting
    R1=rand;
    f1(j)=abs(1-exp(-R1*x1(j)^2))+R1*sin(2*pi*x1(j))^2;
    
    % For 2-dimensional plotting
    for i=1:length(x2)
        Rn=rand(2,1);
        fn(i)=abs(1-exp(-Rn(1)*x1(j)^2-Rn(2)*x2(i)^2))+...
            Rn(1)*sin(2*pi*x1(j))^2+Rn(2)*sin(2*2*pi*x2(i))^2;
    end
    
    fn_tot(j,:)=fn;
 
end
 
figure(1)
plot(x1,f1,'r','LineWidth',2);set(gca,'FontSize',12);
xlabel('x','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
ylabel('f(x)','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
title('2D View','FontName','Times','FontSize',24,'FontWeight','bold');
 
figure(2)
meshc(x1,x2,fn_tot);colorbar;set(gca,'FontSize',12);
xlabel('x_2','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
set(get(gca,'xlabel'),'rotation',25,'VerticalAlignment','bottom');
ylabel('x_1','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
set(get(gca,'ylabel'),'rotation',-25,'VerticalAlignment','bottom');
zlabel('f(X)','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
title('3D View','FontName','Times','FontSize',24,'FontWeight','bold');
 
figure(3)
mesh(x1,x2,fn_tot);view(0,90);colorbar;set(gca,'FontSize',12);
xlabel('x_2','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
ylabel('x_1','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
zlabel('f(X)','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
title('X-Y Plane View','FontName','Times','FontSize',24,'FontWeight','bold');
 
figure(4)
mesh(x1,x2,fn_tot);view(90,0);colorbar;set(gca,'FontSize',12);
xlabel('x_2','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
ylabel('x_1','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
zlabel('f(X)','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
title('X-Z Plane View','FontName','Times','FontSize',24,'FontWeight','bold');
 
figure(5)
mesh(x1,x2,fn_tot);view(0,0);colorbar;set(gca,'FontSize',12);
xlabel('x_2','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
ylabel('x_1','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
zlabel('f(X)','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
title('Y-Z Plane View','FontName','Times','FontSize',24,'FontWeight','bold');

Click here to download m-file

VI. References:

[1] Xin-She Yang, Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithms. London, UK: Elsevier, 2014.
[2] Ali R. Alroomi, "The Farm of Unconstrained Benchmark Functions," University of Bahrain, Electrical and Electronics Department, Bahrain, Oct. 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.al-roomi.org/cv/publications