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I. Mathematical Expression:

$$f(X)=-\sum_{i=1}^{n}\left[x_i\sin\left(\sqrt{\left|x_i\right|}\right)\right]$$

where:

\(\bullet\) \(-500\leq x_i\leq 500\) , \(i=1,2,\cdots,n\)

\(\bullet\) \(f_{min}(X^*)=-418.982887272433799807913601398n\)

\(\bullet\) \(x^*_i =420.968746\)

 

II. Citation Policy:

If you publish material based on databases obtained from this repository, then, in your acknowledgments, please note the assistance you received by using this repository. This will help others to obtain the same data sets and replicate your experiments. We suggest the following pseudo-APA reference format for referring to this repository:

Ali R. Al-Roomi (2015). Unconstrained Single-Objective Benchmark Functions Repository [https://www.al-roomi.org/benchmarks/unconstrained]. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Dalhousie University, Electrical and Computer Engineering.

Here is a BiBTeX citation as well:

@MISC{Al-Roomi2015,
author = {Ali R. Al-Roomi},
title = {{Unconstrained Single-Objective Benchmark Functions Repository}},
year = {2015},
address = {Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada},
institution = {Dalhousie University, Electrical and Computer Engineering},
url = {https://www.al-roomi.org/benchmarks/unconstrained}
}

 

III. 2&3D-Plots:

 

IV. Controllable 3D Model:

- In case you want to adjust the rendering mode, camera position, background color or/and 3D measurement tool, please check the following link

- In case you face any problem to run this model on your internet browser (it does not work on mobile phones), please check the following link

 

V. MATLAB M-File:

% Generalized Schwefel's Problem 2.26
% Range of initial points: -500 <= xj <= 500 , j=1,2,...,n
% Global minima: (x1,x2,...,xn)=420.968746
% f(X)=-418.982887272433799807913601398*n
% Coded by: Ali R. Alroomi | Last Update: 08 June 2015 | www.al-roomi.org
    
clear
clc
warning off
 
x1min=-500;
x1max=500;
x2min=-500;
x2max=500;
R=1500; % steps resolution
x1=x1min:(x1max-x1min)/R:x1max;
x2=x2min:(x2max-x2min)/R:x2max;
 
for j=1:length(x1)
   
    % For 1-dimensional plotting
    f1(j)=-x1(j)*sin(sqrt(abs(x1(j))));
   
    % For 2-dimensional plotting
    for i=1:length(x2)
        fn(i)=-x1(j)*sin(sqrt(abs(x1(j))))-x2(i)*sin(sqrt(abs(x2(i))));
    end
   
    fn_tot(j,:)=fn;
 
end
 
figure(1)
plot(x1,f1);set(gca,'FontSize',12);
xlabel('x','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
ylabel('f(x)','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
title('2D View','FontName','Times','FontSize',24,'FontWeight','bold');
 
figure(2)
meshc(x1,x2,fn_tot);colorbar;set(gca,'FontSize',12);
xlabel('x_2','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
set(get(gca,'xlabel'),'rotation',25,'VerticalAlignment','bottom');
ylabel('x_1','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
set(get(gca,'ylabel'),'rotation',-25,'VerticalAlignment','bottom');
zlabel('f(X)','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
title('3D View','FontName','Times','FontSize',24,'FontWeight','bold');
 
figure(3)
mesh(x1,x2,fn_tot);view(0,90);colorbar;set(gca,'FontSize',12);
xlabel('x_2','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
ylabel('x_1','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
zlabel('f(X)','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
title('X-Y Plane View','FontName','Times','FontSize',24,'FontWeight','bold');
 
figure(4)
mesh(x1,x2,fn_tot);view(90,0);colorbar;set(gca,'FontSize',12);
xlabel('x_2','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
ylabel('x_1','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
zlabel('f(X)','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
title('X-Z Plane View','FontName','Times','FontSize',24,'FontWeight','bold');
 
figure(5)
mesh(x1,x2,fn_tot);view(0,0);colorbar;set(gca,'FontSize',12);
xlabel('x_2','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
ylabel('x_1','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
zlabel('f(X)','FontName','Times','FontSize',20,'FontAngle','italic');
title('Y-Z Plane View','FontName','Times','FontSize',24,'FontWeight','bold');

Click here to download m-file

 

VI. References:

[1] H. P. Schwefel, Numerical Optimization of Computer Models, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1981.
[2] X. Yao, Y. Liu, and G. Lin, "Evolutionary Programming Made Faster," IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 82-102, Jul. 1999.
[3] M. M. Ali, C. Khompatraporn, and Z. B. Zabinsky, "A Numerical Evaluation of Several Stochastic Algorithms on Selected Continuous Global Optimization Test Problems," Journal of Global Optimization, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 635-672, Apr. 2005.
[4] M. Subotic, M. Tuba, and N. Stanarevic, "Different Approaches in Parallelization of the Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm," International Journal of Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 755-762, Mar. 2011.
[5] A. Gavana, "Test Functions Index," Feb. 2013, [Accessed April 01, 2013]. [Online]. Available: http://infinity77.net/global_optimization/test_functions.html
[6] X. Zhao and X.-S. Gao, "Affinity Genetic Algorithm," Journal of Heuristics, vol. 13, no. 2, pp.133-150, Apr. 2007.
[7] E. P. Adorio, "MVF - Multivariate Test Functions Library in C for Unconstrained Global Optimization," Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines, Jan. 2005. [Online]. Available: http://geocities.ws/eadorio/mvf.pdf
[8] M. Molga and C. Smutnicki, "Test Functions for Optimization Needs," Apr. 2005, [Accessed March 28, 2013]. [Online]. Available: http://www.zsd.ict.pwr.wroc.pl/files/docs/functions.pdf
[9] S. Mishra, "Global Optimization of Some Difficult Benchmark Functions by Cuckoo-Hostco-Evolution Meta-Heuristics," Shillong, India, Aug. 2012. [Online]. Available: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40615/1/CHC-Algorithm.pdf
[10] L. U. of Technology, "The Function Testbed," May 2007, [Accessed April 10, 2013]. [Online]. Available: http://www.it.lut.fi/ip/evo/functions/functions.html
[11] W. Wan and J. B. Birch, "Using a Modified Genetic Algorithm to Find Feasible Regions of a Desirability Function," Quality and Reliability Engineering International, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1173-1182, Dec. 2011.
[12] A. K. Qin, V. L. Huang, and P. Suganthan, "Differential Evolution Algorithm with Strategy Adaptation for Global Numerical Optimization," IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 398-417, April 2009.
[13] A. Qing, Differential Evolution: Fundamentals and Applications in Electrical Engineering, 1st ed. Singapore Hoboken, NJ Piscataway, NJ: Wiley-IEEE Press, 2009.
[14] Ali R. Alroomi, "The Farm of Unconstrained Benchmark Functions," University of Bahrain, Electrical and Electronics Department, Bahrain, Oct. 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.al-roomi.org/cv/publications