- Parent Category: LaTex World
- Category: Symbols
- Hits: 5310
Basic (Built-in) \(\LaTeX\) Symbols
\(\bullet\) All the codes presented below should be written in math-mode as shown in the following Minimum Working Example (MWE):
Download this simple \(\LaTeX\) File
\(\bullet\) Be note that we are using only one $ for each side of the first math equation. The reason is to place that equation in the text.
I. Hats, Bars, Accents, Fractions, and Powers:
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\hat{a} | ![]() |
\check{a} | ![]() |
\breve{a} |
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\acute{a} | ![]() |
\grave{a} | ![]() |
\tilde{a} |
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\bar{a} | ![]() |
\vec{a} | ![]() |
\dot{a} |
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\ddot{a} | ![]() |
\widetilde{abc} | ![]() |
\widehat{abc} |
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\overleftarrow{abc} | ![]() |
\overrightarrow{abc} | ![]() |
\overline{abc} |
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\underline{abc} | ![]() |
\overbrace{abc} | ![]() |
\underbrace{abc} |
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\frac{abc}{xyz} OR
abc \over xyz |
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x^{k} | ![]() |
x_{k} |
II. Greek Letters:
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\Gamma | ![]() |
\Delta | ![]() |
\Theta |
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\Lambda | ![]() |
\Xi | ![]() |
\Pi |
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\Sigma | ![]() |
\Upsilon | ![]() |
\Phi |
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\Psi | ![]() |
\Omega | ![]() |
\alpha |
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\beta | ![]() |
\gamma | ![]() |
\delta |
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\epsilon | ![]() |
\varepsilon | ![]() |
\zeta |
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\eta | ![]() |
\theta | ![]() |
\vartheta |
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\iota | ![]() |
\kappa | ![]() |
\lambda |
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\mu | ![]() |
\nu | ![]() |
\xi |
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o | ![]() |
\pi | ![]() |
\varpi |
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\rho | ![]() |
\varrho | ![]() |
\sigma |
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\varsigma | ![]() |
\tau | ![]() |
\upsilon |
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\phi | ![]() |
\varphi | ![]() |
\chi |
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\psi | ![]() |
\omega |
III. Math Symbols:
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\sum | ![]() |
\prod | ![]() |
\coprod |
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\sum_{k=1}^N | ![]() |
\prod_{i=1}^{\aleph} | ![]() |
\coprod_{j=s}^{\Omega} |
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\int | ![]() |
\oint | ![]() |
\int_a^b |
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\prime | ![]() |
\partial | ![]() |
\nabla |
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\frac{d y}{d x} | ![]() |
f^{\prime} OR
f' |
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\dot{y} |
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\dot{y}\Big|_{x=z} | ![]() |
\partial y \over \partial x | ![]() |
\nabla f |
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\cap OR \bigcap |
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\cup OR \bigsqcup |
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\sqcap |
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\sqcup OR \bigsqcup |
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\vee OR \bigvee |
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\wedge OR \bigwedge |
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\odot OR \bigodot |
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\otimes OR \bigotimes |
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\oplus OR \bigoplus |
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\circ OR \bigcirc |
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\ominus | ![]() |
\oslash |
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\uplus OR \biguplus |
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< | ![]() |
> |
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\leq | ![]() |
\geq | ![]() |
\prec |
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\succ | ![]() |
\preceq | ![]() |
\succeq |
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\ll | ![]() |
\gg | ![]() |
\subset |
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\supset | ![]() |
\subseteq | ![]() |
\supseteq |
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\sqsubseteq | ![]() |
\sqsupseteq | ![]() |
\exists |
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\in | ![]() |
\notin | ![]() |
\ni |
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\vdash | ![]() |
\dashv | ![]() |
\perp OR \bot |
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\top | ![]() |
\smile | ![]() |
\frown |
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\models | ![]() |
\infty | ![]() |
\propto |
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\bowtie | ![]() |
\amalg | ![]() |
= |
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\equiv | ![]() |
\sim | ![]() |
\simeq |
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\asymp | ![]() |
\approx | ![]() |
\cong |
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\ni | ![]() |
\doteq | ![]() |
- |
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+ | ![]() |
\pm | ![]() |
\mp |
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\times | ![]() |
\cdot | ![]() |
\div |
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\setminus OR \backslash |
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\not | ![]() |
\diamond |
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! | ![]() |
\triangleleft | ![]() |
\triangleright |
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\triangle OR \bigtriangleup |
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\bigtriangledown | ![]() |
\mid |
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\parallel |
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\angle | ![]() |
7\angle{5^\circ} |
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\sqrt{} | ![]() |
\sqrt{x} | ![]() |
\sqrt[3]{65} |
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\emptyset | ![]() |
\forall | ![]() |
\wp |
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\hbar | ![]() |
\imath | ![]() |
\jmath |
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\ell | ![]() |
\Im | ![]() |
\Re |
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\aleph | ![]() |
\neg |
IV. Extra Characters:
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\bullet | ![]() |
\star | ![]() |
\wr |
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\ast OR * |
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\dagger OR \dag |
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\ddagger OR \ddag |
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\flat | ![]() |
\natural | ![]() |
\sharp |
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\S | ![]() |
\$ | ![]() |
\pounds |
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\copyright | ![]() |
\| | ![]() |
\P |
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\clubsuit | ![]() |
\diamondsuit | ![]() |
\heartsuit |
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\spadesuit | ![]() |
\surd | ![]() |
\vdots |
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\ddots | ![]() |
\ldots | ![]() |
\cdots |
V. Arrows:
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\nearrow | ![]() |
\searrow | ![]() |
\nwarrow |
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\swarrow | ![]() |
\rightarrow | ![]() |
\longrightarrow |
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\leftarrow | ![]() |
\longleftarrow | ![]() |
\leftrightarrow |
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\longleftrightarrow | ![]() |
\mapsto | ![]() |
\longmapsto |
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\Rightarrow | ![]() |
\Longrightarrow | ![]() |
\Leftarrow |
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\Longleftarrow | ![]() |
\Leftrightarrow | ![]() |
\Longleftrightarrow |
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\hookrightarrow | ![]() |
\hookleftarrow | ![]() |
\rightharpoonup |
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\rightharpoondown | ![]() |
\leftharpoonup | ![]() |
\leftharpoondown |
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\uparrow | ![]() |
\downarrow | ![]() |
\updownarrow |
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\Uparrow | ![]() |
\Downarrow | ![]() |
\Updownarrow |
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\rightleftharpoons |
VI. Brackets and Parentheses:
\(\bullet\) The default symbols can be written by using the following codes:
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( | ![]() |
) | ![]() |
[ | ![]() |
] |
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\{ | ![]() |
\} | ![]() |
\lfloor | ![]() |
\rfloor |
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\lceil | ![]() |
\rceil | ![]() |
< | ![]() |
> |
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\langle | ![]() |
\rangle | ![]() |
/ | ![]() |
\backslash |
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| | ![]() |
\| |
\(\bullet\) The size of the brackets and parentheses given above can be manually adjusted as follows:
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\big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( | ![]() |
\Bigg) \bigg) \Big) \big) |
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\big[ \Big[ \bigg[ \Bigg[ | ![]() |
\Bigg] \bigg] \Big] \big] |
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\big\{ \Big\{ \bigg\{ \Bigg\{ | ![]() |
\Bigg\} \bigg\} \Big\} \big\} |
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\big| \Big| \bigg| \Bigg| | ![]() |
\Bigg| \bigg| \Big| \big| |
\(\bullet\) Thus, if the equation is bigger than the height of the brackets and parentheses default sizes, then we should adjust their height. This can be done manually as follows:
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[\frac{x}{y}] | ![]() |
[\frac{x}{y} |
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\big[\frac{x}{y}\big] | ![]() |
\big[\frac{x}{y} |
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\Big[\frac{x}{y}\Big] | ![]() |
\Big[\frac{x}{y} |
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\bigg[\frac{x}{y}\bigg] | ![]() |
\bigg[\frac{x}{y} |
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\Bigg[\frac{x}{y}\Bigg] | ![]() |
\Bigg[\frac{x}{y} |
\(\bullet\) The other way to adjust the sizes is to use the automatic commands as follows:
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[\frac{x}{y}] | ![]() |
[\frac{x}{y} |
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\left[\frac{x}{y}\right] | ![]() |
\left[\frac{x}{y}\right. |
VII. Cases and Matrices:
\(\bullet\) For cases, they are usually used to describe stepwise functions. Two MWEs are given below:
\(\bullet\) For cases, they can be written by different ways, such as using tabular and array methods as given in the following two MWEs:
VIII. Functions:
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\arccos | ![]() |
\arcsin | ![]() |
\arctan |
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\arg | ![]() |
\cos | ![]() |
\cosh |
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\cot | ![]() |
\coth | ![]() |
\csc |
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\det | ![]() |
\dim | ![]() |
\exp |
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\gcd | ![]() |
\hom | ![]() |
\inf |
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\ker | ![]() |
\lg | ![]() |
\lim |
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\liminf | ![]() |
\limsup | ![]() |
\ln |
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\log | ![]() |
\max | ![]() |
\min |
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\sec | ![]() |
\sin | ![]() |
\sinh |
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\sup | ![]() |
\tan | ![]() |
\tanh |
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\cos^{-1} | ![]() |
\sin^{-1} | ![]() |
\tan^{-1} |
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\csc^{-1} | ![]() |
\sec^{-1} | ![]() |
\cot^{-1} |
\(\bullet\) Two simple MWEs are given below:
IX. Texts in Math-Mode:
\(\bullet\) Using the command \mathcal{} gives the following:
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\mathcal{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} |
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\mathcal{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz} |
As can be clearly seen, \mathcal{} does not support small letters.
\(\bullet\) Using the command \mathbf{} gives the following:
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\mathbf{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} |
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\mathbf{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz} |
\(\bullet\) Using the command \mathrm{} gives the following:
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\mathrm{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} |
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\mathrm{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz} |
\(\bullet\) Using the command \hbox{} gives the following:
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\hbox{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} |
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\hbox{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz} |
It is obvious that the command \hbox{} displays the same font style of the command \mathrm{}. Actually, the command \hbox is used in some \(\LaTeX\) programs (such as WinEdit) when calling their built-in or ready-to-use functions \(\rightarrow\) like equations with cases (i.e., stepwise functions); as seen before.